General Tips¶

1. The method subprocess.run is preferred over older high-level APIs (subprocess.call, subprocess.check_call and subprocess.check_output). The method subprocess.Popen (which powers the high-level APIs) can be used if you need advanced controls. When running a shell command using subprocess.run,

   1. Avoid using system shell (i.e., avoid using shell=True) for 2 reasons. First, avoid shell injection attack. Second, there is no need for you to manually escape special characters in the command.