There are 2 approaches to develop remotely in Visual Studio Code. The first way is to leverage the extension pack Remote Development. For more details, please refer to Remote Development with VS Code and VS Code Remote Development.
The second (prefered) approach is to leverage cdr/code-server. For more details, please refer to Visual Studio Code Server. Visual Studio Code Server is prefer to the Remote Development extension pack as Visual Studio Code Server requires no installation or configuration on the client machine. A browser is all your need to use Visual Studio Code Server once it is setup.
References
Advanced Container Configuration
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/containers-advanced#_developing-inside-a-container-on-a-remote-docker-host