Things on this page are fragmentary and immature notes/thoughts of the author. Please read with your own judgement!
API
Java Backend Frameworks
spring-framework
spring-framework Spring provides everything required beyond the Java programming language for creating enterprise applications for a wide range of scenarios and architectures.
Kotlin Backend Frameworks
Using Kotlin for Server-side Development
NodeJS (JavaScript/TypeScript)
express
express is a fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework for node.
nest
nest is a framework for building efficient, scalable Node.js server-side applications. It uses modern JavaScript, is built with TypeScript (preserves compatibility with pure JavaScript) and combines elements of OOP (Object Oriented Programming), FP (Functional Programming), and FRP (Functional Reactive Programming). Under the hood, Nest makes use of Express, but also, provides compatibility with a wide range of other libraries, like e.g. Fastify, allowing for easy use of the myriad third-party plugins which are available.
Notice that nest is different from Nuxt and Next which are for frontend web application leveraging Vue and React respectively.
https://clever-solution.com/blog/9-best-nodejs-frameworks-for-backend-development-in-2020
Python Backend Frameworks
Django
Django is a high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
FastApi
FastApi is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. It is a much better alternative than Flask!
sanic
Sanic is a Python web server and web framework that is written to go fast. It allows the usage of the async/await syntax, which makes your code non-blocking and speedy.
Tornado
Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. By using non-blocking network I/O, Tornado can scale to tens of thousands of open connections, making it ideal for long polling, WebSockets, and other applications that require a long-lived connection to each user.
bottle
bottle is a fast and simple micro-framework for python web-applications.
Pyre
A fast Python http server inspired by japronto written in rust.
Flask
Rust
Please refer to Rust for Backend Development for detailed discussions.